(21d) Surface-Active Ionic Liquids (SAILs) for Environmental Remediation of Crude Oil Spills

Crude oil spills represent a grave environmental concern, with substantial threats to ecosystems, wildlife habitats, and human health. The paper emphasizes the need for effective and timely cleanup measures. The environmental impact of oil spills extends to our water bodies disrupting the delicate balance of marine life and posing risks to human communities. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), a component of crude oils, is robust and resistant to degradation making clean up a challenge. Their molecular structure featuring multiple fused aromatic rings, renders them less amenable to microbial and chemical transformations. Also, the inherent hydrophobicity of PAHs impedes their removal and increases their residence time in aquatic ecosystems during oil spill events. Mechanical methods which involve booms, barriers, skimming vessels, and sorbent materials, form the frontline response to oil spills. However, their effectiveness presents challenges. Biological methods leverage microorganisms for oil degradation, offering an eco-friendly approach but faces limitations in terms of speed. Chemical methods, particularly dispersants, enhance oil spill cleanup efficiency but raise environmental concerns.

This study systematically investigates the application of Surface Active Ionic liquids (SAILs), with a focus on the alkyl chain length in amines and carboxylic acids. Also, the study determines how ionic liquid acts as surfactant and dissolve PAHs. In this research, ionic liquids containing amines are synthesized and characterized as capable of dissolving PAHs, crucial constituents of crude oil. This research lays the groundwork for further exploration of ionic liquid in the field of crude oil analysis and environmental studies.