(372g) Assessment of Geologic Hydrogen Potential for Sustainable Energy Systems: A Cost and Emission Analysis Perspective

Hydrogen is widely recognized as a key enabler in the global transition toward clean and sustainable energy systems. Boasting a high energy density and producing zero emissions when used in fuel cells, hydrogen presents a compelling alternative to fossil fuels across transportation, industry, and power generation sectors. However, the extent of hydrogen’s future role hinges on our ability to produce it affordably and with minimal environmental impact. While most attention has focused on electrolysis and reforming methods, recent discoveries and emerging literature have brought naturally occurring geological hydrogen into the spotlight as a potentially low-cost, low-emission source. Despite its promise, this area remains significantly underexplored in the scientific literature.

In this presentation, we introduce a novel framework for estimating the costs and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with the production of natural geological hydrogen. Our analysis encompasses a ‘well-to-gate” value chain—from exploration of subsurface hydrogen reservoirs to extraction of hydrogen-rich gas mixtures, followed by purification of hydrogen for end use. To develop cost and carbon intensity (CI) estimates for exploration and extraction, we adapt methodologies and data from the natural gas sector, while the purification process is modeled using Aspen Plus®, considering various gas compositions. Sensitivity analyses are conducted to evaluate the influence of key parameters, acknowledging the considerable uncertainty inherent in this emerging field. Our findings aim to provide a foundational understanding of the economic and environmental viability of natural hydrogen, offering insights that could guide policy, investment, and future research. By quantifying the potential of this underutilized resource, we hope to inform and accelerate the integration of geological hydrogen into the broader clean energy landscape.