(40af) Human Error Prevention IPLs for LOPA – Beyond Administrative Controls

There are many scenarios and situations for which Layers of Protection Analysis (LOPA) may be difficult to use. One such case is when a scenario is dominated by human error and yet there does not appear to be be a way to have one or more IPLs. This paper provides a list of human error prevention IPLs that should be considered. Several case studies are provided including including for assessment of task at a copper smelter that was addressed using LOPA, while incorporating human-error-prevention IPLs that perhaps other sites have not considered. It appears always possible to develop and install IPLs against high-human-error sceanrios.