(60b) Observations and Modeling of Off-Site Damage from Large Vapor Cloud Explosion (VCE) Events

Large Vapor Cloud Explosions (VCE) have the potential for producing off-site property damage.  The methods for predicting the blast pressure and impulse in the far field are discussed as is the potential for focusing due to atmospheric and topographic effects.  The types of building damage that may be expected from an explosion range from severe to cosmetic, and the latter is the source of most off-site damage claims.  Building occupants often believe the explosion “lasted for several seconds” and the reasons why occupants have this perception is explained in terms of the building response and  individual’s sensitivity to explosion induced structural vibrations.