(148f) Hydrates in the Ocean--Beneath, Around, and Above Production Equipment

Hydrates amass beneath and around production equipment, and can form in hydrocarbon-seawater jets/plums.  The source of the hydrocarbons in these hydrates may be natural seepages, small production system leaks, or large leaks.  In this presentation, some of i) the formation parameters for these hydrates and ii) the impacts on normal production operations and hydrocarbon-spill capture systems will be discussed.