(509b) Safety and Economic Assessment of CO? Product Stream Impurity Levels

This work presents a comprehensive analysis of CO₂ stream compositions from diverse industrial sectors and their implications for carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS), with a focus on pipeline safety and economic viability conducted under the DOT PHMSA-funded project “Characterize Expected CO₂ Specification Ranges for Various Product Streams”. CO2 stream impurities data from various industries (cement, steel, ethanol, ammonia, hydrogen, olefin, hydrogen/syngas, refinery, natural gas processing, and direct air capture) are collected to provide guidelines for safe transport of CO2 for utilization and storage. The costs associated with CO2 capture are analyzed for selected industrial facilities according to capital costs (e.g., amine/membrane/PSA units & connecting pipelines) and operating costs (meeting the Denbury Green pipeline CO2 specification, distance to major pipeline/ injection site; products volume; 45Q and 45V tax credits) to allow classification as either a near-term or a future emitter. This study also investigates corrosion risks to CO₂ pipelines due to formation of free water, acid dropout, or potential redox and hydrolysis reaction products using Aspen Plus and REFPROP simulators. The project aims at providing guidelines for industry and regulatory stakeholders regarding future CO₂ impurity thresholds to ensure safe, reliable, and economic CCUS operations.