Biochar is a highly porous and brittle material; it can easily be powdered during processing and utilization. Significant dust is created when dealing with biochar and the dust is unpleasant because it is black and sticky. After contact with skin or objects, it is difficult to remove it. Biochar shows relatively low mechanical strength properties. Another main disadvantage of powdered biochar is that after use it cannot be recycled/reclaimed and is also sometimes difficult to dig out of water treatment reservoirs and there is no way to recover biochar from the contaminated soil after application. These disadvantages will limit the utilization of biochar. To overcome these disadvantages and enhance the utilization of biochar, we developed a method to utilize biochar to make biochar-based panels. These panels are specifically designed to be easily inserted and removed from water treatment systems, which simplifies both the maintenance and regeneration processes. Moreover, the structured form of these panels reduces the loss of material during handling and usage, ensuring a more controlled and efficient application compared to powdered biochar. Adsorption tests showed high efficiency on heavy metals and PFAS removal.
