The development of second-generation biomass-based ethanol (2G ethanol) represents a promising solution to the limitations of first-generation ethanol, particularly in addressing food-versus-fuel concerns and improving sustainability. As global demand for low-carbon transportation fuels intensifies, comprehensive evaluation of 2G ethanol technical feasibility and environmental viability becomes critical. However, despite its potential, limited systematic analyses are available to support large-scale deployment. In this study, we developed and evaluated a second-generation ethanol production route utilizing lignocellulosic biomass, integrating techno-economic analysis (TEA) and life cycle assessment (LCA). Process flowsheet simulations in Aspen Plus are developed by comparing various lignocellulosic feedstocks with and without heat integration. Sensitivity analysis are also performed to assess the impact of variable parameters such as feedstock quality, feedstock price, yield of pretreatment and fermentation process, on economic and environmental feasibility of 2G ethanol. Various scenarios for the treatment of residual and waste are also discussed.
