Hydrogel-based patches are widely applied in tissue engineering due to their biocompatibility and tunable physical properties. However, their clinical utility is often limited by insufficient mechanical robustness and lack of integrated biological function. In this study, we propose a mechanically reinforced, bioadhesive hydrogel patch with a modular triple-layered architecture, specifically designed to enable customizable and functional drug delivery. The patch consists of three structurally and functionally seperate layers: 1) a non-adhesive top layer that prevents unwanted tissue adhesion, 2) a modular middle layer for precisely controlled drug release, 3) and a bioadhesive bottom layer ensuring stable tissue integration. The middle layer incorporates interchangeable functional components, allowing for disease-specific therapeutic customization. For wound healing applications, the system was engineered to co-deliver growth factors to promote tissue regeneration and therapeutic peptides to induce M2 macrophage polarization, thus establishing a pro-regenerative immune microenvironment. This modular hydrogel platform provides a versatile and programmable strategy for targeted therapeutic delivery in wound repair and holds broad potential for translational use in regenerative medicine. The results validate the patch’s modular architecture and therapeutic efficacy, demonstrating effective tissue regeneration via growth factor delivery and successful M2 macrophage polarization through sustained release of peptides loaded in the drug layer. These findings highlight its strong potential as a biocompatible and programmable platform for localized drug delivery and regenerative medicine applications.
