This study presents the fabrication of multifunctional coaxial fiber batteries engineered for advanced energy storage and seamless integration into flexible textile systems. Utilizing a dry-jet wet spinning process, a core–sheath architecture is developed, enabling precise nanoscale alignment of polymer electrodes and gel electrolyte interfaces. This configuration promotes efficient ion transport, mechanical durability, and structural integrity. A polymer gel electrolyte is incorporated to facilitate stable ionic conduction, while solvent exchange gradients enhance interfacial adhesion and overall composite stability. The outer protective layer features a self-healing mechanism and anti-corrosion polymers, offering enhanced resistance to mechanical damage and environmental exposure. These coaxial fiber batteries demonstrate key advantages—miniaturization, weavability, breathability, and system-level integrability—positioning them as promising candidates for next-generation wearable electronics and smart textile applications.