Synthetic plastics and polyelectrolyte membranes, essential for various industrial applications, are major contributors to environmental pollution due to their non-biodegradability and reliance on petroleum-based resources. This project aims to develop metal-chitosan composites and beyond in the form of porous membranes and thin films with conductive properties, offering sustainable alternatives.
Chitosan was selected as the starting matrix material due to its economic viability, availability, and biodegradability. However, chitosan has limitations, including poor mechanical strength, high brittleness (low flexibility), and high-water sensitivity. To address these issues, various metal ions, such as Zn²⁺, Cu²⁺, and Ca²⁺, along with gold (Au) nanoparticles, have been incorporated into the chitosan hydrogel to improve the properties such as tensile strength, thermal stability, and electrical conductivity of the resulting films. The metal-chitosan composites were evaluated using a range of characterization techniques, such as Dynamic Mechanical Analysis, Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Differential Scanning Calorimetry etc. to assess their mechanical, thermal, and conductive properties. Addition of metal ions increased the melting point compared to that of the chitosan films without any additives. The results demonstrate that these metal-chitosan composites hold promise as environmentally sustainable alternatives. As the project progresses, additional factors, such as metal loading types and levels, chitosan-to-acid ratio, cellulose in the place of chitosan, and metal-organic binding interactions, will be incorporated into the study.