(219a) Decarbonizing Aluminum Production: Integrating High-Temperature Modular Nuclear Reactors for Sustainable Energy Supply

Aluminum production, particularly the energy-intensive smelting stage, accounts for significant greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and geographic constraints due to the reliance on hydroelectric power. With increasing global demand for aluminum, transitioning to low-carbon energy sources is vital for meeting climate targets. This paper explores the potential of modular nuclear reactors as a sustainable alternative to reduce emissions in aluminum production. High-temperature gas-cooled small modular reactors (SMRs) offer a reliable, low-carbon energy source that can be deployed near production sites, reducing transportation-related emissions while ensuring a stable energy supply. These reactors can provide both electrical and thermal energy at a gigawatt scale through multiple-unit configurations. By integrating nuclear power, the aluminum industry could significantly lower its carbon footprint, enhance energy security, and reduce reliance on geographically limited hydroelectric sources.

This study evaluates the technical and environmental viability of integrating nuclear energy with aluminum production, comparing its scalability, availability, and emissions reduction potential to hydroelectric energy . Findings suggest that adopting nuclear power could reduce primary U.S. aluminum-related CO₂ emissions by up to 4.22 million tons annually, while also cutting global warming and acidification potentials by about 60% and 65%, respectively. These results highlight the substantial environmental benefits of nuclear power in decarbonizing the aluminum industry.