In this study, we demonstrate the partial depolymerization of engineering plastics via gut microbiota derived from Zophobas morio (superworms), using plastic substrates as the sole carbon source. The microbial community was found to exhibit enzymatic activity capable of initiating the breakdown of recalcitrant polymer chains, as confirmed by spectroscopic and morphological analyses.
Building on this biodegradation mechanism, we developed a series of biocomposites incorporating cellulose nanofibers, polydopamine as a bio-inspired adhesive and conductive component, and layered silicate clays to enhance structural integrity. These composites exhibit mechanical and electronic properties comparable to conventional materials, while offering improved biodegradability under simulated environmental conditions.
To validate the feasibility of real-world applications, we fabricated a functional electronic device based on the developed biocomposite system and demonstrated its environmental degradation behavior. This work presents a promising route for designing high-performance yet biodegradable polymer systems, contributing toward a circular materials economy in electronic and structural applications.