(356d) Physico-Chemical and Spectroscopic Properties of Binary Systems Containing Biofuels

Research and development in new sources of energy to develop clean fuels have been under way in many countries. Among many possible sources, biodiesel derived from vegetable and animal fat has attracted attention as a possible substitute for petrodiesel fuels. Brazil is as an emerging power in the production of biodiesel because it has climatic conditions to grow different kinds of crops. Another reason is due to Brazil is the world's leader in ethanol production from sugar cane, and the production of biodiesel using ethanol may become economically viable. Fuel quality is a major factor affecting the performance of internal combustion engines. The quality assurance of biofuels and fuel blends is determined by standardized requirements and properties. In this work, the physical-chemical and spectroscopic properties of binary mixtures containing two biofuels (HVO – Green Diesel and Biodiesel (FAME)) and a fossil fuel Diesel (S10) were evaluated. The values of density (D155 da CANNON, range 0-2 g/cm³), kinematic viscosity (CAV 2200 – Automatic Viscometer, range 0.5 mm²/s (cSt) a 6,000 mm²/s (cSt), resolution de 0.01 s), flash point (Pensky-Martens HFP 360 da Herzog) and infrared spectroscopy (Nicolet iS20 FTIR Thermo Scientific) were determined over all the composition range according to specifications currently used, EN 590 European Standard and ANP 50/13 Brazilian Standard. Experimental results showed a decrease in the density value with the addition of HVO – Green Diesel in the binary mixtures and an increase in density by the addition of Biodiesel (FAME) in the binary mixtures. The viscosity and flash point, in turn, decreased with the addition of Diesel (S10) and increased with the addition of Biodiesel (B100). All compositions were characterized by their respective Infrared Spectra, by FTIR-ATR (Attenuated Total Reflectance) and absorbance by 0.1 millimeter (ABS / 0.1mm). Binary mixtures containing Biodiesel (FAME) are observed to stretch C = O in 1750 cm^-1 characteristic of esters and intensity may be increased up to higher percentage of Biodiesel (FAME) in the blends. There is a similarity between the spectra obtained of the mixtures containing Diesel (S10) and HVO - Diesel Green. Both fuels are aliphatic paraffinic fuels, but there was an increase in the intensity of some characteristic bands of aliphatic in the studied mixtures. From the results obtained in this work it is possible to determine which compositions have results in accordance with the specifications and intervals (EN 590 and ANP 50/2013) currently used in internal combustion engines.