Chiral semiconductor nanomaterials with high circular dichroism gained considerable attention in optical properties, bioapplications and enantioselective catalysis. However, the fabrication of chiral semiconductor nanomaterials has always been a challenge. In this work, a facile chemical method to chiral molybdenum oxide nanostructures is reported. The chiral molybdenum oxide exhibited a prominent optical response to circularly polarized light at the absorption bands characteristic of molybdenum oxide. We also found that chiral molybdenum oxide nanostructures facilitate formation of peptide bonds.