Biodiesel is experiencing the growing pain as a sustainable biofuel. The fuel vs. food debate has an unfavorable impact on the biodiesel industry, since majority of biodiesel is produced using refined vegetable oil. In fact, the cost of soybean oil has increased significantly in the past year. This presentation will examine a number of technical, societal, and economic challenges facing the biodiesel industry. Opportunities to develop a truly sustainable and renewable diesel will be discussed.