(56d) Biology in Engineering, and NSF

NSF has been funding the interface between biology and engineering for decades. Early focuses included Enzyme Engineering and Biomedical Engineering. Later additions included Biochemical Engineering, Tissue Engineering, Metabolic Engineering, Nanobiosystems Engineering, and Engineering Systems Biology. A recently added focus is on Multiscale Modeling in Biological Systems. These past and present, and also several new thrusts involving Biology in Engineering and NSF will be discussed.